Assignment 20: Research and Inspiration

Social Issue Logo & Poster

Shepard Fairy- American contemporary graphic designer and illustrator who emerged from the skateboarding scene. He first became known for his "Andre the Giant Has a Posse" (…OBEY…) sticker campaign, in which he appropriated images from the comedic supermarket tabloid Weekly World News. His work became more widely known in the 2008 U.S. presidential election, specifically his Barack Obama "Hope" poster. (Wikipedia) 


Some of his work: 




























 
 

Color Psychology

Assignment 19: Research and Inspiration

Stationary Package: The printed pieces that a company utilizes for communication purposes. 

This business fits well with the targeted audience.
If a little girl saw this, she would want to go there.
It's bright and cheerful and makes you think of sweet
treats. The only thing I would do differently, is add more
contant information.

This is a business card for a seafood restaurant .
The reason I like it is because it is simple and gets
the message across, but it is also easy to look at
and enjoyable. If someone handed me this card, I
would want to go to that restaurant. The first thing
I see is Seafarer, then the sea horse and lastly "ocean
cuisine."

Stationary Package

Stationary Package-The printed pieces that a company utilizes for communication purposes. 

• When establishing a business, it is very important that all communications are well coordinated and that the message of the organization is presented consistently. 
• Includes Business Card, Letterhead, and Envelope. 

Business Card-

• An essential part of a stationary design. When you hand someone your business card, they will form an immediate opinion about your company. Your business card does more than tell people how to find you: it says something about your company-its mission, its culture, and goals. Needs to be unique. Most important part of stationary package because it tells you everything you need to know about the company. 
• Typically Includes: logo, company name, employee name, title, phone number, fax number, email address, company address, and a  web address.
• Design Tips: Must be 2"x 3.5", horizontal OR vertical orientation, check for accuracy, check for unity...continuity among other pieces. Margins usually range from 25"-.125" 

Letterhead-

• A printed piece of paper used to send letters, memos, etc. 
• The letterhead includes: logo, company names, company address, phone number, fax number, web address.
• Design tips: must be 8.5"x11", must be vertical orientation, must leave room to write the letter, memo, etc- big empty space in middle, check for accuracy, check for unity...continuity among other pieces 

Envelope-

• The packaging hat contains the letter/form when being mailed. Standard #10 envelope.
• Typically includes: logo, company name, company address
• Design tips must be 9.5"x4.125", horizontal OR vertical orientation, must leave room for recipient'd address and stamp, check for accuracy, check for unity...continuity among other pieces. 

Assignment 18: Research and Inspiration

Wordmark: Using a company's name as a whole in a logo design.

I like this word mark because it is
very simple and elegant. It makes you
think the hotel is really nice. 

The Ebay logo is very well know. Its uses
bright, popping colors and over-lapping
letters to give a since of fun and playfulness
It really draws the eye in.

This word mark os very creative, it
uses the year 2012 as part of the word London.

Assignment 17: Research and Inspiration

Combination Mark: Symbols and logo used together, also called a signature. (durkinart)

Starbucks is a well known brand,
when people see their logo they
immediately know that it is
Starbucks. This is what most
companies strive for, for people
to recognize their brand simply
by a logo.

The point of a Combination Mark is
to get the point across by a simple picture
and a few words. This combination mark is
simple and gets the message across.

Logotype Prezi

-Logotype: A graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and even individuals to aid and promote instant public recognition, commonly referred to as LOGO. Egyptian Hieroglyphics have contributed to the contemporary logo. 
-In the 18th and 19th centuries the advertising industry began to integrate typography and imagery together. 
-The arts were expanding in purpose in expression and decoration. 
-By 1890 the US had 700 lithographic printing firms employing more than 8,000 people. 
-Printing costs deceased and literacy rates began to increase and visual styles changed.
 -Visual simplicity and conceptual clarity were the hallmark of Modernism, less is more. 
-Modernist-inspired logos proved successful in the era of mass visual communication
-Logo design is an important area of graphic design, and hard to perfect.  
-Four color process printing: technique for printing with full color. 
-Spot color- method of specifying and printing colors in which each color is printed with its own ink. Effective (cost effective) when the  designer only utilizes no more than three colors in their design.  
-Pantone Matching System: Every color has its own number for printing
-Iconic/Symbolic: Icons and symbols are compelling yet uncomplicated image that are emblematic of a particular company or product. They use imagery that conveys a literal or abstract representation of your organization. 
-Word-mark/Lettermark: A logotype, commonly known in the design industry as a "word mark." Word-mark uses the whole word of the company. Letter-mark is using the initials of the company, ex. N.A.S.A.

Assignment 16: Research and Inspiration

Infographics: Graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge. (Wikipedia)

This Infographic uses the boats in a literal sense.  The larger
the boat, the larger the bankruptcy. I also like the bright
colors and how it has an animated look to it. 

This Infographic has a good theme.  They are
giving information about SAT scores needed to
get into certain schools. The background has notebook and
paper clips and features little kids. I think that the work aligns
with the subject very well. 

I like this Infographic in particular because
it catches your eye. It uses bright colors that fit well
together and the heading draws you in.

The Gutenberg Press | 1450 AD

What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with? Inventing the technology of printing with movable typePost a photo of the Gutenberg Press.
How did the printing press work? Ink was rolled over the raised surface of movable hand-set black letters held within a wooden form then pressed against a piece of paper.
What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books? Working at the mint with his father and his love of reading.
Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type? Woodcuts were not durable, they usually split after repeated use.
Post an example of movable type in a type case.


Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?
Relief printing - movable type placed into the press, ink is spread onto type, paper is placed on top, the press applies the direct pressure needed to transfer the ink to the paper
printmaking; ink is applied, then rubbed with a cloth to remove the 1excess, damp paper is placed on top, a press applies pressure to transfer the ink to the paper

Post an example of a screen (porous) printing press.

What is porous printing and how is ink transferred? Basic stencil process; image carrier is attached to a screen, ink is forced through open mesh areas.
 Post an example of a lithography printing press.

What is lithography and how is ink transferred? It is printed from a flat surface; drawing made on the plane with greasy ink or crayon, water is applied, when ink is spread on top, the greasy parts accept the ink, the wet parts don't offset lithography printing press.
What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today? Offset Lithography.
How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press? Today we don't use the same methods and the process is faster and more efficient.

Describe four-color process printing using CMYK? The printers today requires cyan, magenta, yellow, and black ink to create the colors needed to print the design.
Post an example of an intaglio press.

What is moveable type? The system of printing that uses movable compnents to reproduce the elements of a document. 

What is a matrix? A hard metal punch hammered into a softer copper bar.
What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press? Oil-based ink, more durable than water-based ink.
What is paper made from? Where did paper originate? A substrate made from wood pulp; China.
What is a "substrate"? The layer underneath something living.
Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? John Fust.
Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened? Fust sued Gutenberg and won, Gutenburg had to turn over the press, tools, and 180 Bibles.
What was the first book he printed? Gutenberg Bible.
How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication? Perfected script and made it easier to read, books made more reapidly, current information could be shared locally and around the world, cost of books decreased, demand grew and the population become more literate, book trade, art and science florished begining the renaissance.
Who introduced the printing press to England? William Caxton.
What was the early form of newspapers? Trade newspapers.
When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?1704; The Boston Letter
What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s? Cast iron.
By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour.

The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript | 1st century AD

.
Post an example of a scroll:


What were the drawbacks of the scroll? The reader must read the text in the order it was written and they are too cumbersome for lengthy words.














 Post an example of a codex:

What is a codex? A covered and bound collection of hand written pages, a book.
"Codex" is derived from the Latin meaning "block of wood".Why? Because the covers were made of wood.

What is the difference between "sequential access" and "random access"? Random access- one can go to any point to find information. Sequential access- must be read in order; one must go through the scroll to find a certain passage.
What were the advantages of using the codex? Compactness, sturdiness, and ease of reference; more portable; can be opened to any page; easier to organize because title could be written on the spine.
What helped spread the use of the codex? The rise of Christianity
What replaced papyrus? Describe the process used to create it? Parchment, the fat was removed from animal skin, the hide was soaked in water, calcium flour and salt were added, the skin was stretched out, flattened and dried.
What is vellum? Finer qualities of parchment made from skin of calves.
Name several examples of current technology that utilizes the format of the codex? Kindle, Ipad, digital books.
What led to a period of cultural and economical deterioration? The decline of the Roman Empire resulted in fewer books being created. 
Post an example of an illuminated manuscript.



Who began creating books by hand, taking the creation to an art form? Monastic monks.
What does "illumination" refer to? What was included in this ornamentation? Illustrations and ornamentation add to each page of text; initials of chapters or paragraphs, paintings in margins, and borders around the text.
What tool was used for creating the illuminated manuscripts? Natural guill pens.
Why were these manuscripts reserved for religious purposes? The work required so much labor.
What is craftsmanship? Why is it important? The ability of making something from your ideas by yourself, it is important so you can show that are skilled at what you do.

The Roman Alphabet | 7th century BC

What was the basis of the Roman uppercase alphabet? A variant of the Greek Alphabet.
What were the purposes of the formal and informal styles of lettering? Formal: A rigid script used for important manuscripts and official documents. Informal= Quicker style used for letters and routine types of writing
Why is the Roman alphabet the most widely used and what contributions did it make? Serifs, stonesman, little hooks on the tops of letters to prevent the chisel from slipping; imstitution of the baseline into typography and penmanship.
From where did serifs originate? They originated with the carving of words into stone.
When and where did lowercase, or minuscule, letters develop? 9th century BC in Greece.
What is a ligature and why were they utilized? Connecting letters in type, like script
Post an example of the Roman alphabet in visual form: 

  

The Greek Alphabet | 800 BC

How did Greeks come in contact with the Phoenicians? Phoenicians regularly traveled to Greece and established agreements with them.
How was the Greek adaptation of the alphabet different from its predecessor? Some of their consonants were adapted as vowels and additional letters were included.
Why is the Greek alphabet considered to be the world's first true alphabet? It has given rise to many other alphabets, including Latin alphabet.
Name several similarities and differences between the Greek and modern English alphabets? Letters were classified as consonants and vowels 
Post an example of the Greek alphabet in visual form.  

The Phoenician Alphabet | 1050 BC

The Phoenician alphabet is based on what principle? The principle that one sign represents one spoken sound.
Describe the shape of the letters and what tool created them? Shapes were angular and straight created with a stylus.
What two reasons made the Phoenician alphabet so successful? It was different from other scripts that were difficult to learn. The trading culture of the Phoenician merchants spread the use of the alphabet into parts of North Africa and Europe.
What long term effects on the social structures of civilizations did the Phoenicians have with the creation of their alphabet? It was the first phonetic script that was used in several places, it's easyness allowed it to be used in different cultures. It also allowed all people to use the alphabet for writing. 
Post an example of the Phoenician alphabet in visual form:

Assignment 15: Research and Inspiration

In this illuminated manuscript, the border in highly
ornamental and decorative. There are small pictures  through-
out that probably tell a story to go along with the text. 

I like this illuminated manuscript because of the
detailed border and vibrant colors. I might utilize these
ideas in my illuminated manuscript.

The initial cap in this illuminated manuscript stands out the most to me.
I like how it has a picture inside the letter that tells a story itself. 

For this project, I will use calligraphy-like font and reds, browns, greens, and blues for the colors. Considering those are the colors they used. I was utilize and initial cap as well.   

Hieroglyphics and the Egyptians | 3,000 BC

In the sixth century BC, what three civilizations invaded Egypt? 
Persia, then later by the Greeks and Romans. Post an example of the inside wall(s) of an Ancient Egyptian temple.

What was discovered on the inside of the temples?
Carved and painted images on every wall and surface.
Scholars believe that Ancient Egyptians were inspired and influenced by which written language?
Cuneiform and was influenced by the concept of expressing words in writing. 
What is the difference between logographic and alphabetic elements?
Logograms are visual symbols representing ideas or objects.
The term Hieroglyphic derived from what two Greek words?
"Sacred" and "Writing" What is a scribe? 
A school where students went to learn how to read and write. 
Who else was trained to read and write? Why?
Military leaders so they could communicate while in battle. Post an example of hieroglyphics on papyrus.

What is papyrus and how was it made?
Substrate made form reeds native to Egypt. Wet reeds are placed criss-cross over each other and flattened and dried, then rubbed with flat stone until the surface becomes smooth. 
What is a substrate?
A layer that underlies something. 
What were the Books of the Dead?
Scrolls written for the pharaohs and other important egyptians on papyrus.
How did Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics become a forgotten language?
When the Greeks and Romans ruled Egypt, few people were capable of reading them or writing them anymore.Post an example of the Rosetta Stone.

What is the Rosetta Stone? Where was it discovered?
A stone that had ancient hieroglyphics inscribed on it. It was discovered in Rosetta, Egypt. 
What three languages are included on the stone?
Greek, Hieroglyphics, and Demotic 
Why couldn't the text on the Stone be deciphered?
No one knew the languages. 
Who finally deciphered the text? What was his breakthrough?
Jean Francois Champollion. When he was able to match up the hieroglyphic symbols with the greek versions of the name Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses. 
Why does the interpretation of the Rosetta Stone have such significance?
It gives us insight on the ancient written languages an how those people lived. 

Cuneiform and the Sumerians | 3,000 BC

The Sumerians were one of the earliest types of this kind of civilization? What does that mean?
One of the first to have a theocratic culture ruled by a priest king. 
Why is the region of Sumer considered the Cradle of Civilization?
The land was so fertile, and that is were the first recorded language started.
What could the Sumerians practice year round because of the regions climate?
Agriculture.
Post an example of early Cuneiform (Sumerian pictograph).
Why was Cuneiform created?To help keep track of business transactions.
What medium was used to "write" Cuneiform? Explain the process of preparing and writing on this surface?
Clay talets. First you wet the clay, then form it into a flat surface, then use a wedge shaped stylus to make impressions, then leave it out to dry.
What did Cuneiform begin as a series of? 
A a series of pictographs: a pictorial or visual representation of an object.
Post an example of evolved Cuneiform (wedge-shaped).





























After it evolved over time, what shape did the characters of Cuneiform evolve into?
Cuneiform evolved into a wedge shaped language. 
Post an example of Akkadian Cuneiform.

After the Akkadians conquered, what happened to the Sumerian culture and written language?
They adopted the Sumerian culture and their written language.
What is a pictograph?
A pictorial or visual representation of an object.
Why did the creation of Cuneiform allow the Sumerians to become a sophisticated culture?
Because it was a great new form of communication.

Assignment 14: Research and Inspiration

This design poster catches my eye because of the use of
typography. The letters them self actually make up the heart
literally and metaphorically. 

Though this is a cover of a book, I like that he added what Publication
Design actually is on the front. "A guide to page layout, typography, format and
style.  It is a little boring for a cover of a book though. 

I like this poster because of the fun colors. If I glanced at this
poster, I would interested in what it was saying or meant.

Visual Organization

Visual Organization- not directing the audience through the design is misdirecting them.
Eye Movement- the typical eye moves left to right, top to bottom.

•  Controlling eye movement within a composition is a matter of directing the natural scanning tendency of the viewer's eye. 
• The eye tends to gravitate towards the areas of complexity first. 
• In pictures of people, the eye is always attracted to the face and particularly the eye. 
• Light areas of a composition will attract the eye, especially when to an adjacent dark area. 
• Diagonal lines or edges will guide eye movement. 

Optical Center- the spot where the human eye tends to enter the page. Optical center is lightly above mathematical (or exact) center and just to the left.

• It takes a compelling element to pull your eyes away from this spot. 

Z Pattern- our visual pattern makes a sweep of the page, generally, in the shape of a "Z"

• Effective page design maps a viewer's route through the information. 
• The designer's objective is to lead the viewer's eye to the important elements or information. 

Fonts- 

• No more than two fonts on one page, fonts should compliment each other.
• Avoid all caps, except on emphasized words. 
• Choose the right font, font should fit the theme and the tone of the design.
• Don't over use fancy or complicated fonts.
• www.typography.com/email/2010-03/index.htm 

Visual Hierarchy- will establish focal points based on their importance to the message that's being communicated

• A crucial part of the design process is to establish an order of elements, a visual structure, to help the viewer absorb the information
• To establish Visual Hierarchy: Ask yourself, What do I want to viewer to look at first, second, third..? 

The Grid-way of organizing content on a page, using any combination of margins, guide lines, rows and columns.  

• Can assist the audience by breaking info into manageable chunks and establishing relationships between text and images.  
• A grid consist of a distinct set of alignment-based relations that act as guides for distributing elements across a format. 
• Every design is different; therefore every design will require a different grid structure...one that addresses the particular elements within the design.  
• A grid is used to help clarify the message being communicated and to unify the elements. 

Cave Paintings- 35,000 years ago

What are cave paintings? 
Beautiful, detailed and colorful representations found on the inside of cave walls and ceilings. 
Name several common themes found in cave paintings?
The most common themes are large animals like bison, horses, and deer and tracings of human hands and abstract patterns.
How were these paintings created (tools, pigments)?
From mixing water, plant juice, animal blood, soil, charcoal, and hematite, a form of iron oxide.What is the most famous cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?
A cave in Lascaux, France, it was discovered in 1940 by four teenage boys.
Post an example of cave painting(s) from this cave.



















Why did this cave have to be closed? What was done to satisfy public curiosity?
Wall paintings were being damaged by the carbon dioxide emitted form the tourists. The French Government created Lascaux II, a man made replica of Lascaux.Post an example of cave painting(s) from Altamira cave.

In Altamira cave, why do most of the paintings have a red hue?
The red clay in the soil that was used to make paint. Who discovered this site? How old are the paintings confirmed to be?
Marceline Sanz De Sautuola and his daughter Maria. Nearly 19,000 years old.  What is the oldest known cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?Chauvet-Point Arc. It was discovered in 1994 by three speleologists. 
Post an example of cave painting(s) from this cave.
























What was different about the painting techniques at this site?
The walls were scraped clear of debris, 3D effects were created by etching around the edges, and they also found fossilized remains used for brushes. What is "speleology"?
The scientific study of caves. What three reasons do archeologists and historians believe prehistoric man created cave paintings?



To tell a story or recount an event that already happened. Created as an instructional visual aid to help teach about hunting techniques. Or created for magical or religious reasons.